4-7-2004

Ольга Федоровна Берггольц

Olga Berggolts

(1910 - 1975)

 

 

 

The daughter of a Leningrad doctor, Olga Berggolts, like Akhmatova who greatly influenced her, is associated with the northern capital. She was briefly married to the poet Boris Kornilov, a victim of Stalin purges in 1939. In 1937 Berggolts was herself arrested on a false charge and she spent over two years in gaol. In 1942 her second husband died of hunger. She lived through the terrible ordeal of the German blockade of Leningrad and in 1942 published her Leningrad Notebook, which gave tragic expression to it, her restrained, ordered treatment lending and almost unbearable poignancy to much of the verse. Berggolts was a key figure in the post-Stalin “thaw” in literature. She is chiefly known for her wartime poetry, but her intimate poetry, particularly the intense, sombre love poems, affirms as heroically a human right to suffering, denied so often by the strident prophets of dogmatic optimism.

from Post-War Russian Poetry, Edited by Daniel Weissbort, Penguin Books, London, 1974, ISBN 0-14042-183-1

 

 

 

December 5, 1941. Fourth month of the blockade. In the preceding weeks air-raid alerts had lasted anything from ten to twelve hours. The Leningrad bread ration averaged 125 to 250 grams.

 Разговор с соседкой

 

Дарья Власьевна, соседка по квартире,

сядем, побеседуем вдвоем.

Знаешь, будем говорить о мире,

о желанном мире, о своем.

 

Вот мы прожили почти полгода,

полтораста суток длится бой.

Тяжелы страдания народа -

наши, Дарья Власьевна, с тобой.

 

О ночное воюещее небо,

дрожь земли, обвал невдалеке,

бедный ленинградский ломтик хлеба -

он почти не весит на руке...

 

Для того, чтоб жить в кольце блокады,

ежедневно смертный слышать свист, -

сколько силы нам, соседка, надо,

сколько ненависти и любви...

 

Столько,  что минутами в смятенье

ты сама себя не узнаешь:

- Вынесу ли? Хватит ли терпенья?

- Вынесешь. Дотерпешь. Доживешь.

 

Дарья Власьевна, еще немного,

день придет - над нашей головой

пролетит последняя тревога

и последний прозвучит отбой.

 

И какой далекой, давней-давней

нам с тобой покажется война

в миг, когда толкнем рукою ставни,

сдернем шторы черные с окна.

 

Пусть жилище светится и дышит,

полнится покоем и весной...

Плачте тише, смейтесь тише, тише,

будем наслаждаться тишиной.

 

Будем свежий хлеб ломать руками,

темно-золотистый и ржаной.

Медленными, крупными глотками

будем пить румяное вино.

 

А тебе - да ведь тебе ж поставят

памятник на площади большой.

Нержавеющей, бессмертной сталью

облик твой запечатлят простой.

 

Вот такой же: исхудавшей, смелой,

в наскоро повязанном платке,

вот такой, когда под артобстрелом

ты идешь с кашолкою в руке.

 

Дарья Власьевна, твоею силой

будет вся земля обновлена.

Этой силе имя есть - Россия,

Стой же и мужайся, как она!

 

1940

 

 

 

Conversation with a Neighbour

 

 

Dariya Vlasievna, my next-door neighbour,
Let us sit down and talk, we two,
Let's talk about the days of peace,
The peace that we all long for so.

 

Nearly six months now we've been fighting,
Six months of battle's roar and whine.

Cruel are the sufferings of our nation,
Your sufferings, Dariya, and mine.

 

O nights of shriekings and of rumblings
And bombs that ever nearer fall,
And tiny scraps of rationed bread
That scarcely seem to weigh at all...

 

To have survived this blockade's fetters,
Death daily hovering above,
What strength we all have needed, neighbour,
What hate we've needed - and what love!

 

So much that sometimes moods of doubting
Have shaken even the strongest will:
"Can I endure it? Can I bear it?"
You'll bear it. You'll last out. You will.

 

Dariya Vlasievna, wait a little:
The day will come when from the sky
The last alert will howl its warning,
The last all-clear ring out on high.

 

And how remote and dimly distant
The war will seem to us that day
We casually remove the shutters
And put the black-out blinds away.

 

Let the whole house be bright with lights then,
Be filled with Spring and peacefulness,
Weep quietly, laugh quietly, and quietly
Exult in all the quietness.

 

Fresh rolls our fingers will be breaking,
Made of dark rye-bread, crisp and fine,
And we'll be drinking in slow sips
Glasses of glowing, crimson wine.

 

And to you - to you they'll build a statue
And place on the Bolshoi Square;
In firm imperishable steel,
Your homely form they'll fashion there.

 

Just as you were - ill-fed, undaunted,
In quickly gathered clothes arrayed;
Just as you were when under shell fire
You did your duties undismayed.

 

Dariya Vlasievna, by your spirit
The whole world renewed shall be.
The name of that spirit is Russia.
Stand and be bold then, even as She.

 

This translation from James von Geldern and Richard Stites (eds) Mass Culture in Soviet Russia: Tales, Poems, Songs, Movies, Plays and Folklore 1917-1953, Indiana University Press (1995) pp.378-80

 

 

Olga Berggolts

К ПЕСНЕ

 

Очнись, как хочешь, но очнись во мне -

в холодной, онемевшей глубине.

 

Я не мечтаю - вымолить слова.

Но дай мне знак, что ты еще жива.

 

Я не прошу надолго - хоть на миг.

Хотя б не стих, а только вздох и крик.

 

Хотя бы шепот только или стон.

Хотя б цепей твоих негромкий звон.

 

1951

 

 

To Song

Wake as you will, but wake in me, —
in the cold, in the voiceless depths of me.

I will not beg for words, but give
me a sign that you are still alive.

Not for long — just a moment of your time.
If not a verse, just a sigh, just a cry.

Just a whisper or just a moan.
Just the muffled clink of your chains.

Translation by Daniel Weissbort

 

 

LINKS:

Poems:         O      O      O      O      O      O      O

        O      O      O      O      O      O      O

 

 

    

Но я все время помню про одну,

про первую блокадную весну.

.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

А сколько ржавых коек и кроватей

на улицах столпилось в эти дни!

Вокруг развалин горбились они,

бессмысленно пытаясь прикрывать их.

Костлявый их, угрюмый хоровод

кружил везде, где рыли огород...

И просто так толпились тут и там

на набережной —

               черные, нагие,

как будто б отдыхала по ночам

на них сама врагиня Дистрофия.

Идешь, считаешь и — не сосчитать...

Не спать на них хозяевам, не спать!

Железным пухом ложе им стеля,

покоит их державная земля.

.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .

Я столько раз сердца терзала ваши

неумолимым перечнем утрат.

Я говорила вслух о самом страшном,

о чем и шепотом не говорят.

Но Ленинград,

             отец мой,

                      дом и путь,

все в новые пространства посылая,

ты говоришь мне:

                — Только не забудь! —

И  вот — ты видишь:

                   я не забываю.

      

                                1964

                          

 

 

But I keep remembering one of them,

that first spring of the blockade…

 

How many rusty beds and bunks

littered the streets those days!

They hunched down among the ruins

senselessly trying to screen them.

Their sombre, bony dance twirled

everywhere the ground was being dug for vegetables…

And for no particular reason they gathered

here and there on the embankment –

                                                           dark and bare,

as though Dystrophia, the enemy,

wanted a place to rest up nights.

 

You walk, you count – you do not count…

Their former owners cannot sleep on tem – they cannot!

The sovereign earth tends those beds

and covers them with an iron down…

 

How many times I tugged at your hearts

with my implacable inventory of losses.

I spoke out loud of the most terrible things,

which even in a whisper are not spoken of.

But Leningrad,

                        my father,

                                               home,

                                                           life’s path,

sending me ever into new terrains,

you say to me:

                        “Do not forget – that’s all!”

And as you see now:

                                   I have not forgotten.

 

 

                              1964

 

Translated by Daniel Weissbort                      

 

 

ОТРЫВОК

 

Достигшей немого отчаянья,

давно не молящейся богу,

иконку "Благое Молчание"

мне мать подарила в дорогу.

 

И ангел Благого Молчания

ревниво меня охранял.

Он дважды меня не нечаянно

с пути повернул. Он знал...

 

Он знал, никакими созвучьями

увиденного не передать.

Молчание душу измучит мне,

и лжи заржавеет печать...

 

1952

 

 

A FRAGMENT

 

When I set out my mother gave me

a little ikon depicting Silence.

Dumbly desperate now, for long

it has had no work beseeching god.

 

And the blessed angel of Silence

watched over me jealously.

Twice – and it was no accident –

he turned me from the path. He knew…

 

He knew how not to communicate

by any sound what had been seen.

Silence torments my soul

and the stamp of falsehood rusts.

 

1952

            Translated by Daniel Weissbort

 
 

 

 

НАДЕЖДА

 

Я все еще верю,  что к жизни вернусь,-

однажды на раннем рассвете проснусь.

На раннем, на легком, в прозрачной росе,

где каплями ветки унизаны все,

и в чаше росянки стоит озерко,

и в нем отражается бег облаков,

и я, наклоняясь лицом молодым,

смотрю как на чудо на каплю воды,

и слезы восторга бегут, и легко,

и виден весь мир далеко-далеко...

Я все еще верю, что раннее утро,

знобя и сверкая, вернется опять

ко мне - обнищавшей,

                безрадостно-мудрой,

не смеющей радоваться и рыдать...

 

1949

 

 

 

HOPE

 

I still believe that I shall return to life,

shall wake early one day, at dawn,

in the light, early hours, in the transparent dew,

where the branches are studded with drops,

and a small lake stands in the sundew’s bowl,

reflecting the swift flight of the clouds.

And, inclining me young face, I shall gaze

at a drop of water as on a miracle,

and tears of rapture will flaw, and the world,

the whole world will be seen, wide and far.

 

I still believe that early one day,

in the sparkling cold, it will again

return to me in my poverty,

                                               in my joyless wisdom,

not daring to rejoice and to sob…

 

1949

            Translated by Daniel Weissbort

 

 

 

 
Сетре
 
Мне старое снилось жилище,
где раннее детство прошло,
где сердце, как прежде, отыщет
приют, и любовь, и тепло.
 
Мне снилось, что святки, что елка,
что громко смеется сестра,
что искрятся нежно и колко
румяные окна с утра.
 
А вечером дарят подарки,
и сказками пахнет хвоя,
и звезд золотые огарки
над самою крышей стоят.
 
...Я знаю — убогим и ветхим
становится старый наш дом;
нагие унылые ветки
стучат за померкшим окном.
 
А в комнате с мебелью старой,
в обиде и тесноте,
живет одинокий, усталый,
покинутый нами отец...
 
Зачем же, зачем же мне снится
страна отгоревшей любви?
Мария, подруга, сестрица,
окликни меня, позови...
 
Март 1939

 

To My Sister

 

I dreamt of the old house

where  I spent my childhood years,

and the heart, as before, finds

comfort, and love, and warmth.

 

I dreamt of Christmas, the tree,

and my sister laughing out loud,

from morning, the rosy windows

sparkle tenderly.

 

And in the evening gifts are given

and the pine needles smell of stories

And golden stars risen

are scattered like cinder above the rooftop.

 

I know that our old house

is falling into disrepair.

Bare, despondent branches

knock against darkening panes.

 

And in the room with its old furniture,

a resentful captive, cooped up,

lives our father, lonely and weary –

he feels abandoned by us.

 

Why, oh why do I dream of the country

where the love’s all consumed, all?

Maria, my friend, my sister,

speak my name, call to me, call…

 

                   Translated by Daniel Weissbort

 

 

 

 

 

Я не люблю звонков по телефону,

когда за ними разговора нет.

"Кто говорит? Я слушаю!"

                    В ответ

молчание и гул, подобный стону.

Кто позвонил и испугался вдруг,

кто замолчал за комнатной стеною?

"Далекий мой,

        желанный,

            верный друг,

не ты ли смолк? Нет, говори со мною!

Одною скорбью мы разлучены,

одной безмолвной скованы печалью,

и все-таки средь этой тишины

поговорим... Нельзя, чтоб мы молчали!"

 

А может быть, звонил мой давний враг?

Хотел узнать, я дома иль не дома?

И вот, услышав голос мой знакомый,

спокоен стал и отошел на шаг.

Нет, я скрываться не хочу, не тщусь.

Я всем открыта, точно домочадцам...

Но так привыкла с домом я прощаться,

что, уходя, забуду - не прощусь.

Разлука никакая не страшна:

я знаю - я со всеми, не одна...

Но, господи, как одиноко вдруг,

когда такой настигнут тишиною...

Кто б ни был ты,

        мой враг или мой друг,-

я слушаю! Заговори со мною!

 

1949

 

 

from the cycle The Ordeal

 

I hate the ringing of the telephone

When there’s no voice behind it.

“Who’s there?” No answer: silence.

Silence, and a distant sound like moaning.

Who rang, but suddenly checked his speech

In fright, behind the four walls of his room?

Ly distant friend

                            my true and longed-for friend

Can it be you? No, speak to me!

We are divided by a common sorrow

Linked by a single wordless sadness,

But still in that quiet let us speak

Surely we cannot, must not remain speechless!

 

But perhaps it was my ancient enemy

Wanting to know if I was home or not –

Who, hearing my known voice, was satisfied

Was satisfied and moved a step away.

No, I don’t want and cannot try to hide:

Open to all, as to my family,

But so accustomed now to leaving home

That as I go I’ll forget to say goodbye.

Separation has no terrors for me:

I know I’m one of all, I’m no alone.

But, Lord, how lonely am I suddenly

When such a silence overwhelms me!

Whoever you are, my enemy or friend,

I’m listening! Speak, say something to me!

 

1949

            Translated by J.R. Rowland

 

The poems "To Song", "But I keep remembering one of them", "A Fragment", "Hope" and "I hate the ringing of the telephone" are from the book Post-War Russian Poetry, Edited by Daniel Weissbort, Penguin Books, London, 1974, ISBN 0-14042-183-1.

 

ПЕРЕД РАЗЛУКОЙ

Я всё оставляю тебе при уходе:
всё лучшее
                  в каждом промчавшемся годе.
Всю нежность былую,
                                   всю верность былую,
и краешек счастья, как знамя, целую:
военному, грозному
                                   вновь присягаю,
с колена поднявшись, из рук отпускаю.

Уже не узнаем — ни ты и ни я —
такого же счастья, владевшего нами.
Но верю, что лучшая песня моя
навек сбережет отслужившее знамя...

...Я ласточку тоже тебе оставляю
из первой, бесстрашно вернувшейся стаи,—
блокадную нашу, под бедственной крышей.
В свой час одинокий
                                    ее ты услышишь...

А я забираю с собою все слезы,
все наши утраты,
                                удары,
                                            угрозы;
все наши смятенья,
                                  все наши дерзанья,
нелегкое наше, большое мужанье,
не спетый над дочкой
                                     напев колыбельный,
задуманный ночью военной, метельной,—
неспетый напев,— ты его не услышишь,
он только со мною — ни громче, ни тише...

Прощай же, мой щедрый! Я крепко любила.
Ты будешь богаче — я так поделила.

1956

 

 

 

 

BEFORE THE SEPARATION

All that we shared to you I am leaving:
All that was best
of each brief year bequeathing,
All the old tenderness;
all the old loyalty
And, on my knees, I renew oath of fealty,
Raise to my lips
the standard of happiness
Then let it fall, war-tattered and rigorous.
As for you and for me, though our road may be long,
Such happiness will not again befall us.
Yet still I believe that the best of my song
Will immortalize its discarded colours...
The first swallow too, to you I am leaving
That dauntless returned to blockade and calamity
'Neath our miserable roof her gallant nest weaving.
You shall hear her again in your hour of extremity.
And I shall pack up as my portion our crosses
Taking with me our tears,
and our blows,
and our losses,
All our rash daring,
all our insecurity,
Our difficult, hard-won, fine-tempered maturity,
The cradle-song I never sang
to our daughter,
Composed in a war-night of blizzard and slaughter,
That I never sang-you never shall hear it.
It swells not, it fades not, and I alone bear it...
Farewell then, my bright one! I loved you
Right dearly.
Your lot shall be richer-and I have dealt fairly.

 

Translated by Avril Pyman

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

СТИХИ О ХЕРСОНЕССКОЙ ПОДКОВЕ

 

Есть у меня подкова, чтоб счастливой -

по всем велениям примет - была.

Ее на Херсонесе, на обрыве,

на стихшем поле боя я нашла.

 

В ней пять гвоздей,

       она ко мне по ходу

лежала

     на краю земном.

Наверно, пятясь, конь сорвался в воду

с отвесной кручи

          вместе с ездоком.

 

Шестнадцать лет хранила я подкову,-

недавно поняла,

какое счастье -

          щедро и сурово -

она мне принесла.

 

Был долгий труд.

       Того, что написала,

не устыжусь на миг - за все года,-

того, что думала и что сказала

раз навсегда.

 

Нескованная мысль, прямое слово,

вся боль и вся мечта земли родной,-

клянется херсонесская подкова,

что это счастие - всегда со мной.

 

А ты, моя любовь!

       Ведь ты была готова

на все: на гибель, кручу, зной...

Клянется херсонесская подкова,

что это счастие - всегда со мной.

 

Нет, безопасных троп не выбирает

судьба моя,

       как всадник тот и конь -

тот, чью подкову ржавую сжимает,

как символ счастия, моя ладонь.

 

Дойду до края жизни, до обрыва,

и возвращусь опять.

И снова буду жить.

А так, как вы,- счастливой

мне не бывать.

 

1959

 

The Chersonese horseshoe

I keep a horseshoe in the drawer of my desk
that ought to bring me luck by all beliefs.
I found it on a cliff by Chersonese
Upon a battlefield long since at peace.
Five nails in it,
there, facing me, it lay above the precipice.
Ungoverned by the bridle,
gripped by some fear, the horse had backed away
and hurtled waterward together with the rider.
Sixteen long years I kept the fateful shoe
yet till not long ago I never thought-
too full with all I had to feel and do-
about the hard-earned luck the horseshoe brought.
Long years of work there were.
No cause for shame
not in a single thought or word or line.
All from my very heart of hearts they came,
never to be disowned,
forever mine.
Unfettered thoughts, straightforward words and deeds,
my country's dreams, its happiness and sorrow
have all been mine. Good, hard-won luck indeed,
the horseshoe pledges it will still be mine tomorrow.
And you, my love, perpetually ready
for everything-death, drought and headlong leaps-
with all its magic power the horseshoe pledges
these joys are mine as well, yes, mine for keeps.
My fortune never chose the safest paths,
no more than did that rider and his horse
whose rusty horseshoe I am clenching in my palm,
whose fate took so precipitous a course.
I, too, drive to the brink of the abyss
and then return again
to live, to be;
but happiness like yours-what you call bliss -
is not for me.

Translated by Dorian Rottenberg                 

 

 

Я сердце свое никогда не щадила:

ни в песне, ни в дружбе, ни в горе,

                        ни в страсти...

Прости меня, милый. Что было, то было

Мне горько.

И все-таки всё это - счастье.

 

И то, что я страстно, горюче тоскую,

и то, что, страшась небывалой напасти,

на призрак, на малую тень негодую.

Мне страшно...

И все-таки всё это - счастье.

 

Пускай эти слезы и это удушье,

пусть хлещут упреки, как ветки в ненастье.

Страшней - всепрощенье. Страшней - равнодушье.

Любовь не прощает. И всё это - счастье.

 

Я знаю теперь, что она убивает,

не ждет состраданья, не делится властью.

Покуда прекрасна, покуда живая,

покуда она не утеха, а - счастье.

 

 

 

 

Always freely I gave of my heart
To love, song, grief...
Forgive the distress
I am causing you, dear, but though we part,
Though I bleed,
this is happiness.
Fear consumes me, a terrible dread
Of the trials to come, and the emptiness,
The shades of the past haunt me,
and yet I know
this is happiness.
I choke on tears, like trees in a storm
Your reproaches lash me.
Agony? Yes!
But don't be indifferent, forgiving or calm.
Love never forgives-
such is happiness.
Ruler supreme, love will taunt and destroy,
It seeks no compassion, itself pitiless.
Love while it lives is no plaything, no toy...
Love is both anguish and happiness!

 

Translated by Irina Zheleznova            

 

 

 

 

 

ИСПЫТАНИЕ

 

...И снова хватит сил

увидеть и узнать,

как все, что ты любил,

начнет тебя терзать.

И оборотнем вдруг

предстанет пред тобой

и оклевещет друг,

и оттолкнет другой.

И станут искушать,

прикажут: «Отрекись!» —

и скорчится душа

от страха и тоски.

И снова хватит сил

одно твердить в ответ:

«Ото всего, чем жил,

не отрекаюсь, нет!»

И снова хватит сил,

запомнив эти дни,

всему, что ты любил,

кричать: «Вернись! Верни...»

 

 Январь 1939, Камера 33

 

The Trial

And you’ll have strengths enough
To see and know again
How all that was your love
Will start to bring a pain.
Your friend – without blame – 
Will come a werewolf once;
You’ll be by him defamed,
By other ones – repulsed.
They will start to seduce,
And order, “Abrogate!” –
Your heart will be reduced
From fear and regret.
And you’ll have strengths enough
To answer them again:
“From all that was my life
I never will abstain!”
And you’ll have strengths enough,
Having recalled this rake,
To all that you have loved
To cry again: “Come back!”
  
Translated by Yevgeny Bonver, March, 2002
 

 

Памяти защитников

 
В дни наступленья армий ленинградских,
в январские свирепые морозы,
ко мне явилась девушка чужая
и попросила написать стихи...

Она пришла ко мне в тот самый вечер,
когда как раз два года исполнялось
со дня жестокой гибели твоей.

Она не знала этого, конечно.
Стараясь быть спокойной, строгой, взрослой
она просила написать о брате,
три дня назад убитом в Дудергофе.

Он пал, Воронью гору атакуя,
ту высоту проклятую, откуда
два года вел фашист корректировку
всего артиллерийского огня.

Стараясь быть суровой, как большие,
она портрет из сумочки достала:
— Вот мальчик наш,
мой младший брат Володя...—
И я безмолвно ахнула: с портрета
глядели на меня твои глаза.

Не те, уже обугленные смертью,
не те, безумья полные и муки,
но те, которыми глядел мне в сердце
 
в дни юности, тринадцать лет назад.

Она не знала этого, конечно.
Она просила только: — Напишите
не для того, чтобы его прославить,
но чтоб над ним могли чужие плакать
со мной и мамой, — точно о родном...

Она, чужая девочка, не знала,
какое сердцу предложила бремя.
Ведь до сих пор еще за это время
я реквием тебе — тебе! — не написала...

 

 

To the Memory of the Defenders

 

I

When Leningrad’s armies went on the offensive,

during the cluel frosts of January,

a stranger came to me, a girl,

and asked me to write a poem for her…

 

She came that same evening on which,

two years before, my love,

you had met your cruel death.

 

Of course, she didn’t know this.

Trying to be calm, grown-up, severe,

she asked me to write about her brother,

killed three days earlier, in Duderhof.

 

He fell in the attack on Voronya Hill,

those cursed heights, from which

for two years now the fascists

had rained down their accurate fire on us.

 

Trying to be so grown-up.

she produced a picture from her hand-bag:

“Here’s our boy, my younger brother

Volodya… “ And I sighed inwardly:

from that picture, it was

your eyes gazed out at me.

 

Not those eyes, already dimmed by death,

so full of anguish and of madness,

but the eyes that looked into my heart,

thirteen years ago, when we were young.

 

Of course, she didn’t know.

All she said to me was: “Write,

not to raise him higher than he was,

but so that others too might weep for him,

with me and mama – as if for one of theirs…”

 

She, this stranger, could not know

what a burden she had placed on me –

because till now I still had not

composed my requiem to you.

 

April – May 1944

 

 

 

 

 

Европа. Война 1940 года 

  Илье Эренбургу

3
Быть может, близко сроки эти:
не рев сирен, не посвист бомб,
а тишину услышат дети
в бомбоубежище глухом.
И ночью, тихо, вереницей
из-под развалин выходя,
они сперва подставят лица
под струи щедрого дождя.
И, точно в первый день творенья,
горячим будет дождь ночной,
и восклубятся испаренья
над взрытою корой земной.
И будет ветер, ветер, ветер,
как дух, носиться над водой...
...Все перебиты. Только дети
спаслись под выжженной землей.
Они совсем не помнят года,
не знают — кто они и где.
Они, как птицы, ждут восхода
и, греясь, плещутся в воде.
А ночь тиха, тепло и сыро,
поток несет гряду костей...
Вот так настанет детство мира
и царство мудрое детей.

  4
Будет страшный миг
будет тишина.
Шепот, а не крик:
«Кончилась война...»

Темно-красных рек
ропот в тишине.
И ряды калек
в розовой волне....

 

Europe – 1940 – War

 

to Ilya Ehrenbourg

3

Perhaps, these times are close:

no howl of sirens, screech of bombs,

but silence the children will hear,

in their bomb-shelter sealed up tight.

And at night, filing quietly

out from underneath the ruins,

they will lift their faces to

the steaming rain. And, just as on

the first day of creation,

the rain at night will be warm,

and fumes will swirl up

above the earth’s torn crust.

And a wind, a wind, like a spirit-being,

will drift across the water…

All slaughtered… Only the children

saved, under the scorched earth.

They do not remember those times,

they do not know who they are and where.

Like birds, they wait now for sunrise

and warm themselves, splashing in the water.

And the night is calm and warm and damp,

bones carried by the river drifting by…

Thus, will the childhood on the world arrive,

and the wise dominion of children.

 

4

A terrible moment will come –

there’ll be a silence.

A whisper, not a cry:

“The war is over…”

 

In the silence, the murmur

of dark-red rivers.

And ranks of maimed folk

in the pinkish waters…

 

1940

 

 

 

И под огнем на черной шаткой крыше
ты крикнул мне,
                                   не отводя лица:
«А если кто-нибудь из нас...
                                                           Ты слышишь?
Другой трагедию досмотрит до конца».
Мы слишком рано вышли —
                                               в первом акте,
но помнил ты, что оставлял.
И я не выйду до конца спектакля —
                                   его актер, и зритель, и судья.
Но, господи, дай раньше умереть,
                                                           чем мне сказать:
«Не стоило смотреть».

Октябрь (?)   1941

 

 

And under fire on the dark and shaky roof,

you cried out,

            not turning your face from me:

“And if one of us…

                                   Do you hear?

The other must see this tragedy through.”

We left too early –

                        in the first act –

but you remembered what you’d left behind.

And I’ll not leave before the play is done –

                                   actor, audience and judge.

But, lord, may I die before I say:

“It was not worth watching.”

 

October (?) 1941

 

 

 

 

 

...О да,— простые, бедные слова

мы точно в первый раз произносили,

мы говорили: солнце, свет, трава,

как произносят: жизнь, любовь и сила.

 

А помнишь ли, как с города ледник

сдирали мы, четырежды проклятый,

как бил в панель ногой один старик

и все кричал: «Асфальт, асфальт, ребята!..»

 

Так, милый берег видя с корабля,

кричали в старину: «Земля, земля!..»

 

1945

 

Plain, simple words we spoke

for the first time, giving them their proper weight.

Sun, light, grass, tree, we said,

as you might say life, love, heart.

 

But you remember, how we stripped

the trice cursed ice sheet from the town,

how an old man stamped his foot on the paving stones

and kept on crying: “Asphalt, asphalt, lads!...”

 

Thus, in the old days, sighting the blessed shore,

they’d cry out: “Land, land, land!...”

 

1945

 

 

 

 

 

 

Из цикла «Анне Ахматовой»

1
 
...Она дарить любила.
                     Всем. И — разное.
Надбитые флаконы и картинки,
и жизнь свою, надменную, прекрасную,
до самой той, горючей той кровинки.
Всю — без запинки.
Всю — без заминки.
 
...Что же мне подарила она?
               Свою нерекламную твердость.
Окаяннеишую свою,
               молчаливую гордость.
Волю — не обижаться на тех,
               кто желает обидеть.
Волю — видеть до рези в глазах,
               и все-таки видеть.
Волю — тихо, своею рукой задушить
               подступившее к сердцу отчаянье.
Волю — к чистому, звонкому слову.
               И грозную волю — к молчанию.
 
1970
 
 
 
      from the cycle “To Anna Akhmatova”
 
...She liked to give.
             To all. And – variously.
Chipped bottles, pictures,
and her life, proud, beautiful,
to the very last, burning drop of blood.
All – without missing a bit.
All – without dropping a stitch.
 
 
And what was it she gave me?
              Her unpublicized firmness.
Her damnedest,
              silent pride.
The determination – not to be offended by those
              who wish to offend her.
The determination – to see until the eyes ache,
              and to continue seeing.
The determination – with her own hands, softly to stifle
              despair that enters the heart.
The determination – to follow the resonant word.
              And the terrible determination to keep silent.
 
1970
 
            
    The last five poems were translated by Daniel Weissbort and are from Modern Poetry in Translation New Series n.º 10, Winter 1996,  Edited by Daniel Weissbort, published by King's College, London, University of London, 1996 ISSN 0-969-3572

 

Words by Olga Berggolts carved into a wall  of  the  Piskaryov Memorial Cemetery - Leningrad:

Здесь лежат ленинградцы.
Здесь горожане – мужчины, женщины, дети.
Рядом с ними солдаты-красноармейцы.
Всею жизнью своею
они защищали тебя, Ленинград,
колыбель революции.
Их имен благородных мы здесь перечислить не сможем,
так их много под вечной охраной гранита.
Но знай, внимающий этим камням,
никто не забыт, и ничто не забыто.

  

В город ломились враги, в броню и железо одеты,
но с армией вместе встали
рабочие, школьники, учителя, ополченцы.
И все, как один, сказали они:
«Скорее смерть испугается нас, чем мы смерти».
Не забыта голодная, лютая, темная
зима сорок первого – сорок второго,
ни свирепость обстрелов,
ни ужас бомбежек в сорок третьем.
Вся земля городская пробита.

  

Ни одной вашей жизни, товарищи, не позабыто.
Под непрерывным огнем с неба, с земли и с воды
подвиг свой ежедневный
вы совершали достойно и просто,
и вместе с отчизной своей
вы все одержали победу.
Так пусть же пред жизнью бессмертною вашей
на этом печально-торжественном поле
вечно склоняет знамена народ благодарный,
Родина-мать и город-герой Ленинград.

 

Here lie Leningraders,
Here are townsfolk, men, women, children.
By their sides are Red Army soldiers.
With their entire lives
They defended you, Leningrad,
The cradle of the Revolution.
We cannot enumerate all their noble names here,
So many are there under the eternal granite guard.
But know, when honouring these stones
Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.

  

Enemies, clad in armour and in iron, were bursting into the city,
But workers, schoolchildren, teachers and home guards stood up with the army
And like one, they all said
Death will sooner fear us, than we will fear death.
The hungry, harsh, dark winter of forty-one
And forty-two is not forgotten.
Neither the shells' ferocity
Nor the terror of bombardments in forty-three.
The entire city's earth was covered.

 

Not one of your lives, comrades, is forgot.
Under the uninterrupted fire from heaven, earth and water,
You did you everyday heroic deed
With honour, and simply.
And together with your Fatherland,
You all prevailed in victory.
So let the thankful people,
The Motherland and hero city Leningrad
Eternally lower their standards
On this sad and solemn meadow.

 

 

THE ST. PETERSBURG TIMES

#687, Tuesday, July 17, 2001

THE REST
Testimony to a Poet and The 'Tears of Socialism'

By Thomas Rymer
STAFF WRITER

Photo by SERGEY GRACHEV / SPT

It is a monument to the enthusiasm and energy to change society that characterized the years after the 1917 October Revolution, as well as to the determination and suffering of Leningraders in the 900-day siege during World War II.

The building on which the above words are inscribed is at 7 Ulitsa Rubinshteina, and today, as well as apartments, it houses Special Education School No. 18. It was constructed in the 1930s by a group of artists and engineers as the realization of the communal ideal. From kitchens to coat racks, everything was shared.

Officially called "The Communal House of Artists and Engineers," within a few years Leningraders were refering to it as the "Tears of Socialism." Joking about the extreme form of collectivism the building was designed to promote, city residents used to say that in the "Tears of Socialism," not even families were permitted.

 
 

 

By the time of Nazi Germany's invasion of Russia, two decades of communal living and the terror associated with the collectivization campaigns and the purges of the '30s had destroyed much of the zeal for radical social engineering.

The poet Olga Berggolts (1910-1975) typified the spirit of this time. A child of the Revolution who initially supported the Communist regime, she fell victim to Stalin's purges, spending 1937-1939 in a number of prisons and labor camps. Just two years after returning to her apartment on Ulitsa Rubinshteina, she was subjected to the trials of hunger, cold, disease and bombardment during the blockade. Both her grandmother and her husband, Nikolai Molchanov, a literary scholar, died during the siege.

For many blockade survivors, the voice of Olga Berggolts remains one of the few warm memories of the period. Berggolts read her poetry and other works on Radio Leningrad, one of the last links between the city and the outside world. Berggolts' works from this period - the collections of lyrical poems "Leningrad Notebook" (1942), "Leningrad" (1944) and "Your Road" (1945), along with a collection of her radio commentaries, "Leningrad Speaking" (1946) - are a poignant testimony to the blockade.

 

THE ST. PETERSBURG TIMES

#689, Tuesday, July 24, 2001

Olga Berggolts Will Not Be Forgotten


By Liza Utkhina

SPECIAL TO THE ST. PETERSBURG TIMES

FOR SPT

Maria Fyodorovna Berggolts, 89, is the only surviving family member of poet and blockade-era radio voice, Olga Berggolts. Puttering among the books cluttering her intelligentsia-style apartment with a view of the Neva River, she endlessly recites, with heartfelt intonation and longing, the hundreds of her sister's poems that she knows by heart.

Between these recitals, she pauses to offer her opinion of Stalin - "A mafioso from the Caucasus!" - or his secret-services chief Lavrenty Beria - "debauched and dirty" - or just to recall a recent conversation with a friend - invariably some well-known artist or writer.

Listening to her at these moments it is easy to imagine the voice of her sister, Olga, born in 1910, broadcasting on the one working radio station during the blockade of Leningrad, a solitary familiar voice that many survivors have reported literally kept them alive during those dark and lean days.

 
Olga Berggolts, right, and her sister Maria embrace in this undated family photo
 

From her microphone straight into the barricaded apartments of the besieged city, Olga read her own poems and those of other poets, delivered news about bombings or fires in the city, and, above all, encouraged the besieged Leningraders to hold on to their last hope of life.

"She was always admonishing us," Maria said of her older sister in an interview with The St. Petersburg Times.

"She forbade us from getting lice, telling us to wash our hair even when there was no warm water and it was 40 degrees below zero outside."

"I think Olga meant for us not only to fight against lice, but for the whole idea [of surviving]," Maria continued. "As long as you were strong enough to wash your hair, even if you were starving, you would survive."

But before the war, Olga had problems with the Communist Party, her sister said. Originally an idealistic activist, she was ousted from the party in the 1930s and even jailed by the NKVD, forerunner to the KGB, for a year for "unreliability to the party." Olga was bereft without the party, said Maria, alone and shunned.

Olga was pregnant with her third child when the NKVD swooped down in 1937 and arrested her. She was questioned and tortured, her sister said, and eventually gave birth to a stillborn child. It would have been her third after Irina, from her first short marriage to the poet Boris Kornilov, and Maya, from her second marriage to literary scholar Mikhail Molchanov.

Both daughters died before the war, Irina at 8 and Maya at just 11 months. Other blows that Olga endured included Kornilov's exile to Siberia for the supposedly dissident leanings in his writing. Olga managed restore his reputation and even publish a volume of his works in 1956.

During that same year, she was the first public figure to stand up in support of the writers Mikhail Zoshchenko and Anna Akhmatova who were singled out for harrassment by Andrei Zhdanov, head of the City Soviet of Leningrad. As part of his post-war campaign to restore party control over culture, Zhdanov shut down the local literary journals Leningrad and Zvezda, two places where Zoshchenko and Akhmatova regularly published.

Olga was released from prison in 1939 and reinstated as a Communist Party member. By that time, however, the country was less than two years from war.

Despite the meat grinder of the NKVD, Maria said her sister still believed strongly in the ideals and values of communism.

"My sister did not change her ideals even after a year in prison," said Maria, saying that Olga concluded that "there was something wrong with the people, not with the idea of communism.

In 1942, the NKVD exiled their father, a medical doctor, to Siberia for refusing to spy on his colleges and patients.

"During the war we had two enemies: German fascists outside and Russian fascists within the country," Maria added.

Maria, too, remains a devout communist to this day. "[The NKVD], which originally had the executive power of the government, slipped out from under the government's control and acted alone."

Other members of their family - three aunts and a grandmother - starved to death during the 900-day blockade of Leningrad.

The war also took Olga's husband Nikolai, who, Maria said, had been the center of the poet's life. Toward the end of the siege, her husband dead, Maria convinced Olga to flee Leningrad for Moscow.

"She was very brave, my sister," Maria said.

"She used to say 'there are only two sorts of people: those who trust and don't trust, those who drink and don't drink.' And Olga trusted and drank."

She died in 1975.

"Once, after Olga's death, a friend and I went to the cemetery to Olga's grave. It was very cold, and we had a drink in Olga's memory to warm ourselves up," Maria said.

Then she said she noticed a worker nearing them. As he approached, Maria and her friends offered him some their wine. He finished his glass and then noticed Olga's name on the grave.

"Berggolts!" he exclaimed, according to Maria. "Leningrad's Madonna! It was she who helped me to survive the blockade, just hearing her voice on radio."

In all, Olga composed hundreds of poems, many of which she read over the air during the siege. However, no complete volume of her poetry has yet been published. Last year, Maria organized a two-volume set of Olga's previously unpublished prose and poetry, but the print run was minuscule.

Even her most famous works from the blockade period - "Leningrad Notebook," "Leningrad Poems" and a collection of her radio commentaries "Leningrad Speaking" - were only recently republished.

However, there is one solemn place where hundreds of thousands read Olga Berggolts' words every year: the Memorial Wall at Piskaryevskoye Cemetery. Berggolts is the author of the immoral words there carved in stone:

"Nikto ne zabyt - Nichto ne zabyto." "Nobody is forgotten. Nothing is forgotten."